Medicaid provides free or low-cost health coverage to eligible low-income adults, children, pregnant women, seniors, and people with disabilities. Apply through healthcare.gov or your state’s Medicaid office.
- SSN or immigration documentation
- Proof of income (pay stubs, tax return, benefit letter)
- Proof of residency in the state where you apply
- Bank account information (some states require this)
Check if you qualify
Medicaid eligibility varies by state. In states that expanded Medicaid under the ACA, adults earning up to 138% of the Federal Poverty Level qualify ($20,783/year for a single person in 2024). In non-expansion states, rules are stricter.
Apply at healthcare.gov or your state Medicaid office
Start at healthcare.gov — the application asks about Medicaid eligibility. If you qualify for Medicaid, you are referred to your state’s Medicaid agency. Most states also have their own online Medicaid application portals.
Complete the application thoroughly
Enter income from all sources (employment, self-employment, Social Security, disability, child support), household size, US citizenship or immigration status, and current insurance status. Include all household members you want covered.
Verification process
The agency verifies your information electronically with federal databases (IRS, SSA). You may be asked to provide documents by mail or upload them online. Most decisions are made within 45 days (90 days if disability is involved).
Receive your Medicaid card and find a provider
Upon approval, you receive a Medicaid card and information about your plan. Use your state’s Medicaid provider directory to find doctors, clinics, and hospitals that accept Medicaid.
Frequently Asked Questions
Medicaid is income-based (low-income individuals of any age). Medicare is age-based (people 65+ and those with qualifying disabilities under 65). Some people qualify for both — called “dual eligible” — and receive both programs.
Receiving Medicaid generally does not affect most immigration statuses. However, lawful permanent residents (Green Card holders) should consult an immigration attorney, as certain benefit receipt can affect naturalization or sponsorship-based petitions.